Effect of Combined Aerobic and Anaerobic Training on Hemodynamic Response, Serum Oxidative Stress Markers and Platelet ATP Synthase Activities in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Study.

Background: The overall aim of this work was to study the impact of combined aerobic and anaerobic training in relation to hemodynamic response (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and double product), serum oxidative stress markers (lipoperoxides, nitrites-nitrates) and platelet ATP synthase activities in patients with coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods: Ten subjects, 9 male and 1 female, (mean age 57.7±7.2 years) with coronary heart disease participated in this study. Patients performed combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise for 24 sessions (three times a week). Results: The results suggest myocardium adaptations, manifested in the reduction of heart rate with increased workloads and increased double product [(heart rate) x (systolic blood pressure)] according to the intensity, frequency and duration of training. The ATP synthesis rate was significantly increased at session 3 (post-exercise) compared to session 1 (pre exercise). Furthermore, rate of ATP hydrolysis was significantly decreased at session 24 (post-exercise 3) compared to session 1 (post-exercise 1). Serum lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide catabolites were significantly diminished at session 24 (pre-exercise). Conclusion: In some patients hemodynamic responses showed improvements in response to exercise. The exercise sessions induced lower levels of lipid peroxidation products, nitric oxide catabolites and ATPase activity. Conversely, ATP synthase activity showed higher values at the end of the experiment. These results confirm the beneficial effect of combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

Envejecimiento y metabolismo: cambios y regulación

Los estudios sobre los efectos del envejecimiento en la fisiología y el metabolismo cada vez son más, uno de sus objetivos es contribuir a instrumentar programas para mejorar la calidad de vida y prevenir discapacidades en la vejez. Es de gran importancia mencionar que durante el envejecimiento se presenta una desaceleración natural del metabolismo, se produce una serie de cambios en la regulación de la energía, lo que contribuye a la pérdida de peso y grasa; estos cambios en la regulación de la ingesta calórica contribuyen en un aumento de la susceptibilidad al desequilibrio energético tanto positivo como negativo, lo cual va asociado a un deterioro en la salud. Sin embargo, el llegar a la vejez, no es una sentencia de muerte para el metabolismo, por el contrario, éste puede ser controlado mediante el mantenimiento de un estilo de vida activo, aunado a esto investigaciones han demostrado que el metabolismo puede ser regulado mediante el papel que desempeña un sistema de reloj sincronizado (ritmos biológicos), el cual a su vez es modulado por varias proteínas reguladoras; esta relación garantiza que las células funcionen correctamente y por tanto el mantenerse saludables. El objetivo de esta revisión es aportar información actualizada sobre la regulación metabolismo-energía y su relación con la gran variedad de componentes involucrados en el gasto energético que acompañan al envejecimiento; analizar la regulación de este sistema para mejorar la calidad de vida y mantener la salud en la vejez.

Aging and metabolism: changes and regulation. Studies about the effects of aging in the physiology and metabolism are increasingly, one of its objectives is to help implement programs to improve the quality of life and prevent disability in elderly. It is relevant to mention that, during aging, there is a natural metabolic deceleration, a series of changes in the regulation of energy are produced, which contributes to loss of weight and fat; the changes in the regulation of caloric intake contribute to increase the susceptibility to energy imbalance both positive and negative, which is associated with a deterioration in health. However, to grow old, is not a death sentence for metabolism, on the other hand, it can be controlled by maintaining an active lifestyle, coupled with this, research has shown that the metabolism can be regulated by a synchronized clock (circadian rhythms), which is mediated by regulatory proteins, this relationship ensures the proper functioning of the cells and therefore good health. The aim of this review is to provide updated information on the energy- metabolism-regulation and its relationship with the great variety of components involved in energy expenditure that accompany aging, to analyze the regulation of this system to improve the quality of life and maintenance of health in old age.